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Other Persian quatrains in Holland: the Roseraie du savoir of Husayn-i Ázád

Other Persian quatrains in Holland: the Roseraie du savoir of Husayn-i Ázád. J.T.P. de Bruijn.
In: The great ‘Umar Khayyám. Leiden, Leiden University Press, 2012. pp. 105-114.

De Bruijn explains how, from the nineteenth century onwards, Persian quatrains became fashionable in Dutch poetry. After briefly referring to two great Dutch poets, P.C. Boutens (1870-1943) and J.H. Leopold (1865-1925), De Bruijn concentrates on their common source, an anthology of Persian quatrains in two parts published in 1906 under the titles Gulzár-i ma ‘rifat and La Roseraie du Savoir respectively. The author of these Persian and French anthologies was a Persian by the name of Husayn-i Ázád, who was a physician at the provincial Qajar court of Isfahan. He travelled to London and Paris, but later settled in Paris, where he concentrated on European and Persian poetry. In his chapter, De Bruijn gives a vivid picture of Husayn-i Ázád’s life and how he tried to introduce treasures from the Persian literary tradition to a western public.

How ‘Umar Khayyám inspired Dutch visual artists

How ‘Umar Khayyám inspired Dutch visual artists. Jos Biegstraaten.
In: The great ‘Umar Khayyám. Leiden, Leiden University Press, 2012. pp. 135-142.

Biegstraaten examines the work of four Dutch artists who were inspired by Khayyám’s quatrains: Willem Arondéus (1894-1943), Ger Gerrits (1893-1965), Siep van den Berg (1920-1998) and Theo Forrer (1923-2004).

The Arab ‘Umar Khayyám

The Arab ‘Umar Khayyám. M. Alsulami.
In: The great ‘Umar Khayyám. Leiden, Leiden University Press, 2012. pp. 73-84.

After their counterparts in the West had started collecting and translating the Rubáiyát of Khayyám during the nineteenth century, Arab intellectuals followed suit. A huge number of Arabic translations of Khayyám’s quatrains, and studies of his life, philosophy and literary works, were produced, and the broader interaction between Arabic and Persian literature was revived. In this chapter Alsulami focusses on translations from European languages, direct poetic translations from the Persian language and translations into Arabic dialects. He concludes with a brief discussion on Arab intellectuals’ reception of Khayyám.

The translation of ‘Umar Khayyám’s poetry into Georgian – a touchstone of translators

The translation of ‘Umar Khayyám’s poetry into Georgian – a touchstone of translators. T. Shurgaia.
In: The great ‘Umar Khayyám. Leiden, Leiden University Press, 2012. pp. 189-201.

Shurgaia draws attention to the translation history of the quatrains into Georgian. Georgian historian of Persian literature, Justine Abuladze published the first literal translation of Khayyám’s poetry in 1924, and this translation was followed by a series of translations up to the 21st century.

Quatrains of ‘Umar Khayyám in Turkish, and Turkish quatrains

Quatrains of ‘Umar Khayyám in Turkish, and Turkish quatrains. S. Sötemann.
In: The great ‘Umar Khayyám. Leiden, Leiden University Press, 2012. pp. 97-104

Sötemann explains that while Ottoman poets were deeply influenced by Persian poetry, they avoided composing quatrains, preferring other literary forms. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı (1884-1958) was an exception, as he tried to master all the forms and genres of Ottoman poetry. In his efforts, Beyatlı translated Khayyám and introduced his poetry to Turkish people.

Gissing the ‘Omarian’ : Fin de siècle cult of Omar Khayyám and Gissing’s Born in Exile (1892)

Gissing the ‘Omarian’ : Fin de siècle cult of Omar Khayyám and Gissing’s Born in Exile (1892). Ayaka Komiya.
Hiyoshi Bulletin 41 (2002) p. 102-121

The year 1859 was made memorable in English literary history by the publication of three books—Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species, Samuel Smile’s Self-Help, and Edward FitzGerald’s The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyám. Although each of these three books is important in its own way, it is FitzGerald’s Omar Khayyám that bears the most importance to a study of George Gissing (1857-1903). Probably due to its extraordinaiy popularity, something that continues to this day, Omar Khayyám appears to have failed to attract attention as a serious work of art. However, its effect on contemporary literature was immense—so much so that its neglect is quite unwarranted. It is my aim here to remedy the present situation, at least in part, and to shed a new light on Gissing study by looking at the influence of Omar Khayyám on his works.

Edward FitzGerald”(1809-1883), British translator of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam …

Edward FitzGerald”(1809-1883), British translator of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (by far the most famous translation ever made from Persian verse into English), as well as Jāmī’s Salāmān o Absāl and ʿAṭṭār’s Manṭeq al-ṭayr. D. Davis.
Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, December 15 1999.

The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is by far the most famous translation ever made from Persian verse into English, and it had a considerable influence on the development of late Victorian and Edwardian British poetry as well as the awakening of a much wider interest, in English speaking countries and Europe, in Persian literature than had previously been the case