The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam; translated by Edward FitzGerald; written and illuminated by Kesba D. Webb. Paris, Editions Recreasoft, 2026. 44 p. ISBN: 978-2-38781-367-1.nnDigital copy from Archive.org, from the original edition of 1906.nn
Omar Chajjam Freiheit und Skepsis
Omar Chajjam Freiheit und Skepsis Die Aktualität der Lebens- und Existenzphilosophie eines persischen Unversalgenies. Javid Kazemi. Norderstedt : Books on Demand, 2023. – 249 p. ; 22 cm. – ISBN: 9783758309861nn180 quatrains in German, organized in 9 chapters.nn nnContentsnnVorwort (1)nErster Teil. Lebensweg (5)nZweiter Teil. Chajjam als Dichter (11)nDritter Teil. Chajjams magisch-philosophische Dichtung (27)nVierter Teil. Das Rubaijat (101)nAnhang. Anmerkungen und Erläuterungen (153)
Database: Rubáiyát in music and words
Already in the 1880’s Omar’s quatrains found their way into musical compositions. The oldest one so far is a song cycle by August Riedel: Liebesgesänge (1882) based on the German translation by Friedrich Bodenstedt (1881). A second German composition was done by Felix von Woyrsch: Drie Persische Lieder (1884), also based on Bodenstedt. It was Liza Lehmann’s song-cycle In a Persian Garden (1896) that became very popular. It was performed and recorded many times, even up to our days. Since then a variety of musical styles or genres has been created: modern popular music, classical music, film scores, orchestral works and piano pieces but also jazz, folk and pop songs.
Recently I set up a database Music and more showing about 200 musical compositions inspired by and base on Omar Khayyám’s rubáiyát. The main body consists of classical music. Two smaller databases show compositions and records of non-classical music and narrations of the rubáiyát.
The majority of the works are based on FitzGerald’s translation (more than 70) and the most frequent setting is that for ‘voice and piano’ (more than 75)
Most works were composed in the 1970’s (30) and in the 1910’s (25) and 1920’s (26)
Additions to either of these genres are very welcome. Please use the “Reply-form’ below.
Remembering ‘Umar Khayyām
Remembering ‘Umar Khayyām. Episodes of Unbelief in the Reception Histories of Persian Quatrains. Arash Ghajarjazi. Berlin : De Gruyter, 2025. XIV, 301 p., illustrations, 23 cm x 15.5 cm. (Sufism studies, volume 3). ISBN: 9783111617077.
This book explores the Persian sage ʿUmar Khayyām and the globally renowned quatrains (rubāʿiyyāt) attributed to him from a new angle. These quatrains have unleashed responses from Sufis and Islamic theologians, fostering secular thought in the Persianate world. From the early 12th century to the present, ʿUmar Khayyām’s persona has been a source of inspiration for various literate communities. This monograph addresses an undesirable gap in Khayyām scholarship by re-examining the reception of his quatrains within a changing collective memory. It investigates a wide range of texts and objects, including Sufi texts, chronicles, mystical poetry anthologies, memorial monuments, Victorian illustrations, and modern periodicals. The focus is on how the remembrance of Khayyām has contributed to the formation of a secular intellectual tradition in modern Iran. The book argues for a re-conceptualisation of Khayyām as a nexus of Sufi literature, memory, and secularity. Additionally, it critically examines traditional scholarship on Khayyām’s biography and the debates regarding the authenticity of his quatrains. This work aims to connect scholars of Sufism Studies, memory studies, and Persian and Islamic Studies.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111626017
‘Unknown’ parodies
The Parodies database page now shows a total of more than 260 parodies, mainly documented by (and taken from) the bibliography of the rubáiyát by A.G. Potter (1929), Jos Biegstraaten’s study ‘Omar with a smile’ (2004), Michelle Kaiserlian’s thesis Infinite Transformation (2010), Roger Paas’ catalog Edward FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám and Related Materials (2023).
I recently discovered more than twenty parodies in online resources as HathiTrust Digital Library and Trove, a collaborative effort of organisations, communities and individuals in cooperation with the National Library of Australia. The number of quatrains varies from 1 to 27, published between 1902 and 1937, and they do not appear in the above mentioned sources.
In Trove I found a number of parodies in The Bulletin, whereas in the Hathi Trust Digital Library ten parodies appeared in Yale record, most of them dealing with various aspects of college life.
Limits, Boundaries, and Transgression in Literatures and Languages of the Persianate World
Limits, Boundaries, and Transgression in Literatures and
Languages of the Persianate World – International Conference
Utrecht University
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies
Thursday 5 and Friday 6 September 2024
Academy Building
Belle van Zuylen Hall
Domplein 29
Potter 389: The Whymat (sic) edition
Many items listed in Potter’s Bibliography have been online available for quite some years now. Most of these titles can be found and downloaded on the Archive.org website, in a variety of formats such as ePub, PDF, or Full text etcetera. Here we find the common and popular editions of the Rubáiyát, but also a considerable number of the more inconspicuous ones. One exeample that I came across recently is Potter’s number 389. It is listed as follows:

The twelve issues of volume 3 (1915) of the Islamic Review are all available at Archive.org, and in issue 4 (April) we find Potter’s reference on pages 194-195. First thing we notice is Potter’s misspelling of the name: Whymat in stead of Whymant. The full title of the section is

There are two verses from Jalal-Ud-Din Rumi, one from Sadi-Al-Shirazi and two from Omar Khayyam.

This section is followed by an article by Whymant, titled ‘The Philosophy of Yesterday’, quoting one quatrain from FitzGerald’s translation (“Come, fill the Cup …”)
As Potter mentions there are seven quatrains from the Ouseley and Calcutta MSS., in the October issue of the same year, in an article titled: ‘The Mysticism of the Ruba’iyat of Omar Khayyam’. It is a response to an article by C.E.H. Wann in the September issue, which itself is a reponse to an earlier article by Whymant, titled ‘The Psychology of the Persian (Mystic) Philosophers’, in the July issue. The discussion is about the question whether Omar was a Muslim, as Whymant argued.
As all these articles (see the hyperlinks below) are online available, the reader may decide for himself whose arguments hold ground. My intention is to merely draw attention to the quatrains and to give the complete text of the nine quatrains. It should be noted that for the first two quatrains no source is given, neither have I been able to trace a corresponding source in my quatrains database.
The quatrains
From: Islamic Review, April 1915:
While dreaming in a mist of early dawn
The false and true upon my sense were borne.
Hast seen the Mosque is now prepared within,
Why dost thou wait—why is thy heart forlorn?
By Allah’s grace we live, we move, we learn,
Our one great lesson—’tis ourselves to spurn,
Is HE not all we need to learn about
Before we to the Higher Mosque adjourn
From: Islamic Review, October 1915:
Let not grim sorrow thus embrace thee now,
Nor empty grief absorb thy days allow.
Leave not this book; the lover’s life enfold,
’Ere earth fold thee; the field’s green bank hold thou! [Ouseley. 76]
And for a time when young we spent a space
With masters, and were pleased with our slow pace,
But when the Doctors closed the discourse down,
Alas! Where were we? Whither gone our grace? [Ouseley. 121]
Behold, we neither know nor yet can guess
The Eternal Riddle, whether no or yes.
The Secret of Eternity still is hid,
Nor in our efforts can we find success, [Calc. 387]
And this thy secret—friend, O! guard it well,
Nor aught of it to friend or foeman tell,
The Tulips that thou seest wither’d there
Will ne’er rebloom—so much for Heaven and Hell. [Ouseley MS. 35]
Trav’lling far by vale, desert, and plain, ;
All through the world I went, but went in vain,
Nought have I heard of one returning thence,
Nor trav’lled once, is that road trod again. [Calcutta MS. 36]
The caravan of life has passed us by
In myst’ry; seize the moment passing by
In happiness, nor dream thou of the Dawn,
A cup of wine, boy! for the dawn is nigh. [Ouseley. 60]
Behold the wise engaged in splitting hairs
About existence, when quite unawares
They perish. Dunces, fools they be,
Choose grape-juice rather that a creed like theirs. [Ouseley. 50]
The issues
Islamic Review and Muslim India 1915-04: Vol 3 Iss 4: PDF
Islamic Review and Muslim India 1915-07: Vol 3 Iss 7: PDF
Islamic Review and Muslim India 1915-09: Vol 3 Iss 9: PDF
Islamic Review and Muslim India 1915-10: Vol 3 Iss 10: PDF
