Potter 389: The Whymat (sic) edition

Many items listed in Potter’s Bibliography have been online available for quite some years now. Most of these titles can be found and downloaded on the Archive.org website, in a variety of formats such as ePub, PDF, or Full text etcetera. Here we find the common and popular editions of the Rubáiyát, but also a considerable number of the more inconspicuous ones. One exeample that I came across recently is Potter’s number 389. It is listed as follows:

The twelve issues of volume 3 (1915) of the Islamic Review are all available at Archive.org, and in issue 4 (April) we find Potter’s reference on  pages 194-195. First thing we notice is Potter’s misspelling of the name: Whymat in stead of Whymant. The full title of the section is

There are two verses from Jalal-Ud-Din Rumi, one from Sadi-Al-Shirazi and two from Omar Khayyam.

This section is followed by an article by Whymant, titled ‘The Philosophy of Yesterday’, quoting one quatrain from FitzGerald’s translation (“Come, fill the Cup …”)

As Potter mentions there are seven quatrains from the Ouseley and Calcutta MSS., in the October issue of the same year, in an article titled: ‘The Mysticism of the Ruba’iyat of Omar Khayyam’. It is a response to an article by C.E.H. Wann in the September issue, which itself is a reponse to an earlier article by Whymant, titled ‘The Psychology of the Persian (Mystic) Philosophers’, in the July issue. The discussion is about the question whether Omar was a Muslim, as Whymant argued.

As all these articles (see the hyperlinks below) are online available, the reader may decide for himself whose arguments hold ground. My intention is to merely draw attention to the quatrains and to give the complete text of the nine quatrains. It should be noted that for the first two quatrains no source is given, neither have I been able to trace a corresponding source in my quatrains database.

The quatrains

From: Islamic Review, April 1915:

While dreaming in a mist of early dawn
The false and true upon my sense were borne.
Hast seen the Mosque is now prepared within,
Why dost thou wait—why is thy heart forlorn?

By Allah’s grace we live, we move, we learn,
Our one great lesson—’tis ourselves to spurn,
Is HE not all we need to learn about
Before we to the Higher Mosque adjourn

From: Islamic Review, October 1915:

Let not grim sorrow thus embrace thee now,
Nor empty grief absorb thy days allow.
Leave not this book; the lover’s life enfold,
’Ere earth fold thee; the field’s green bank hold thou! [Ouseley. 76]

And for a time when young we spent a space
With masters, and were pleased with our slow pace,
But when the Doctors closed the discourse down,
Alas! Where were we? Whither gone our grace? [Ouseley. 121]

Behold, we neither know nor yet can guess
The Eternal Riddle, whether no or yes.
The Secret of Eternity still is hid,
Nor in our efforts can we find success, [Calc. 387]

And this thy secret—friend, O! guard it well,
Nor aught of it to friend or foeman tell,
The Tulips that thou seest wither’d there
Will ne’er rebloom—so much for Heaven and Hell. [Ouseley MS. 35]

Trav’lling far by vale, desert, and plain, ;
All through the world I went, but went in vain,
Nought have I heard of one returning thence,
Nor trav’lled once, is that road trod again. [Calcutta MS. 36]

The caravan of life has passed us by
In myst’ry; seize the moment passing by
In happiness, nor dream thou of the Dawn,
A cup of wine, boy! for the dawn is nigh. [Ouseley. 60]

Behold the wise engaged in splitting hairs
About existence, when quite unawares
They perish. Dunces, fools they be,
Choose grape-juice rather that a creed like theirs. [Ouseley. 50]

 The issues

Islamic Review and Muslim India  1915-04: Vol 3 Iss 4: PDF
Islamic Review and Muslim India  1915-07: Vol 3 Iss 7: PDF
Islamic Review and Muslim India  1915-09: Vol 3 Iss 9: PDF
Islamic Review and Muslim India  1915-10: Vol 3 Iss 10: PDF

Professor Hans (J.T.P.) de Bruijn, 1931-2023

A few days ago, we received the sad news of the passing of Prof. Dr. J.T.P. (Hans) de Bruijn, emeritus professor New Persian Language and Culture.

Hans de Bruijn was a member of the Nederlands Omar Khayyám Genootschap since 1997, and he barely missed one of the biannual meetings of the club. Even more than that he nearly always presented a paper on a wide range of Omarian subjects.

At first De Bruijn was somewhat reticent regarding the weight and importance assigned to Khayyám. It didn’t stop him however from exploring untrodden fields in Dutch Khayyám reception, always in the broader context of Persian poetry and culture in general. Proof of this wider perspective is his translation of a selection of quatrains older than those translated by E. FitzGerald, together with quatrains from other Persian poets, and an extensive epilogue on the ruba’i, its origins and aftermath, and Khayyám’s appreciation in Dutch poetry: De ware zin heeft niemand nog verstaan. (Amsterdam, Bulaaq, 2009). Preceeding this volume was Een karavaan  uit Perzië, an extensive anthology of classical Persian poetry (Amsterdam, Bulaaq, 2002). In 2020 a selection of De Bruijn’s essays and articles was published as Pearls of meaning : studies on art, poetry, sufism and history of Iranian studies in Europe. (Leiden, 2020)

De Bruijn also contributed significantly to the Yearbooks of the Dutch Society, to conferences and a to number of exhibitions in 2001 and 2009.

Hans was a kind, generous person, always interested and full of mild and subtle humor.

Asghar Seyed-Gohrab, presiding the Dutch Society, wrote an In Memoriam on his Beyond Sharia weblog, acknowledging De Bruijn’s academic contributions to the field of Persian culture and Islamic literatures.

A Rubáiyát library

The Rubáiyát Library Catalogue is a new free online database of editions and translations of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám.

The catalogue can be used to search for translators, contributors (editors, artists etc.), publishers, as well as language, media type and so on. There is also a range of browsing options. There is no login required.

The contents of the Library database are taken mainly from existing bibliographies and other bibliographic sources. New titles are added regularly and can be browsed under ‘Newly added titles’. As of to date the database contains some 1.500 titles.

Omar Khayyam. Poems. A modern translation

Omar Khayyam. Poems. A modern translation. Siamak Akhavan. Eugene : Resource Publications, 2021. xv, 45 p. ISBN paperback: 9781666715507; ISBN hardcover: 9781666715514.

122 quatrains. Text in English and Persian.

“This book presents a selection of Khayyam’s poems in their original Persian language along with their English translations in a faithful and modern version. By relying only on the original Persian version of Khayyam’s poems, and using the author’s own body of literary and linguistic knowledge, this book presents a modern translation of Omar Khayyam’s poems since Edward Fitzgerald’s Rubaiyat in 1859.” [From back cover]

Nr. 1

‘Beyond heavens’ sphere is unseen,
around and about which all careen.

When your turn, be calm and sane.
Life’s not a sole toil, cycles remain.

Friedrich Rosen: orientalist and diplomat

In the recently published Friedrich Rosen. Orientalist scholarship and international politics Amir Theilhaber describes the diplomatic career and scholarly-literary productions of Friedrich Rosen “to investigate how politics influenced knowledge generated about the “Orient” and charts the roles knowledge played in political decision-making regarding extra-European regions. This is pursued through analyses of Germans in British imperialist contexts, cultures of lowly diplomatic encounters in Middle Eastern cities, Persian poetry in translation, prestigious Orientalist congresses in northern climes,leveraging knowledge in high-stakes diplomatic encounters, and the making of Germany’s Islam policy up to the Great War.”

An extensive chapter 6 deals with Omar Khayyam’s Ruba’iyat and Rumi’s Masnavi, in the context of politics and scholarship of translating Persian Poetry.

Friedrich Rosen. Orientalist scholarship and international politics. Amir Theilhaber. Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2020. viii, 627 pp. ISBN: 978-3-11-063925-4.
Also available as Open Access document.

Friedrich Rosen

Irankultur.com shows a short article about Friedrich Rosen, the well known German translator of Omar Khayyám’s rubáiyát.
Friedrich Rosen (1856-1935) was an orientalist, a diplomat und a politician. From May till October 1921 he was also German minister of foreign affairs. From 1916 till he was appointed as German envoy in The Hague, in the Netherlands.

See: Friedrich Rosen und die Übersetzung der Rubajat Omar Chayyams in: Irankultur.com 17 Dez. 2020

See also a recent post about Amir Theilhaber’s recently published biography: Friedrich Rosen. Orientalist scholarship and international politics (Berlin 2020)